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Here's a good comparison: (edit: maybe not so good, since it says the US data is Federal only, while the Canadian data is Federal+Provincial)
Canada:
This progressivity can help us understand why the top 1% of income earners paid a staggering 21.2% of the total federal and provincial taxes in 2010. The top 10% paid 54.8% of all taxes while the bottom 50% of Canadian income earners contributed 4% towards the collective personal tax bill.
USA:
This maxim indeed appears to hold true, according to IRS data released earlier this month. To join the top 1% club in the U.S., your 2010 income would have to have exceeded US$369,691 – nearly 85% higher than Canada’s 1% elite income threshold. This group paid 37.4% of total 2010 U.S. personal federal income taxes.
U.S. tax filers with income above US$116,623 represented the top 10% of taxpayers and paid 70.6% of total 2010 taxes. By contrast, the bottom 50% of income earners paid only 2.4% of the total federal income taxes collected in the U.S.
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